Worldwide prevalence of obesity is increasing rapidly, and many low- and middle-income countries are now significantly affected as well as richer nations. An estimated 42 million children under five are estimated to be overweight or obese in 2010, almost 35 million of whom live in developing countries. In developing countries, rising obesity levels often coexist with the longstanding problem of under nutrition.

The United States is widely recognised to have the highest prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight, although the UK and Australia are not far behind. The UK has one of the highest rates among European countries.

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